Kunya-Urgench also known as Old Urgench in Turkmenistan is an ancient city that stands as a testament to the region’s rich history and cultural significance. Once a glorious capital of the medieval Khorezmshah Empire, the biggest Muslim empire of the late XII – early XIII cc., Kunya-Urgench was the largest city on the northern branch of the Silk Road.
As an UNESCO World Heritage Site, Kunya-Urgench showcases remarkable architectural remnants that reflect the city’s former glory. The site is adorned with majestic mausoleums, towering minarets, ancient fortifications, and intricately carved tombs. These structures, built over several centuries, display a captivating blend of architectural styles, including Persian, Islamic, and Turkmen influences.
Beyond its architectural marvels, Kunya-Urgench is steeped in history and legends. It is said to be the birthplace of the famous poet and philosopher, Al-Khorezmi, who made significant contributions to mathematics and algebra. The city’s intellectual legacy is further enhanced by the presence of mausoleums dedicated to renowned scholars and Sufi saints.
Visiting Kunya-Urgench is a journey through time, allowing travelers to immerse themselves in the ancient wonders of Central Asia. The site’s historical and cultural significance, coupled with its architectural grandeur, make it a captivating destination for history enthusiasts, architecture lovers, and those seeking to connect with the region’s rich heritage.
Kunya-Urgench stands as a living testament to the cultural and historical legacy of Turkmenistan and the Silk Road. Its architectural marvels and archaeological remnants provide a window into the past, allowing visitors to appreciate the city’s former grandeur and its enduring impact on the region’s history and culture.
History
The exact founding dates of Kunya-Urgench remain uncertain; however, archaeological findings at Kyrkmolla Hill, one of the primary fortresses in the area, indicate a robust settlement as early as the 5th and 4th centuries BC. Early historical records reveal that Khwarezm fell to Arab conquerors in 712 AD, leading to the capture of the capital city, Kath, of the Iranic Khwarazmian Afrighid dynasty.
The city’s glory days came between the 10th and 14th centuries when it became the prominent Khwarezmian capital, supplanting Kath. Known as Gurjanu, this bustling metropolis served as a vital trading hub, rivaling other significant Central Asian cities like Bukhara in terms of fame and population. Its strategic location along major trade routes from south to north and west to east contributed significantly to the flourishing of science and culture in Central Asia.
