{"id":25305,"date":"2025-07-05T17:52:44","date_gmt":"2025-07-05T17:52:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/co-travels.com\/margus-seyle-hem-margiana-we-gonur-depe\/"},"modified":"2025-07-18T10:03:43","modified_gmt":"2025-07-18T10:03:43","slug":"margus-seyle-hem-margiana-we-gonur-depe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/co-travels.com\/tk-tm\/margus-seyle-hem-margiana-we-gonur-depe\/","title":{"rendered":"Go\u0148urdepe"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Margu\u015f – Margiana<\/p>

1991-nji \u00fdyldan 2001-nji \u00fdyl aralagynda Sarianidini\u00f1 ylmy \u00fdolbas\u00e7ylygyndaky t\u00fcrkmen k\u00e4rdesleri bilen bilelikde Wenesi\u00fdada \u00fderlesen Legabu\u00fde ylmy-barlag merkezinden bolan Ital\u00fdan h\u00fcn\u00e4rmentleri hem professor Gabriel Rossi-Osmidany\u00f1 \u00fdolbas\u00e7ylygynda Margianadaky \u00fdadyg\u00e4rliklerde gazuw-agtarys islerini ge\u00e7irdiler.
Mary wela\u00fdatynda ge\u00e7irilen arheologiki isleri\u00f1 netijesinde gadymy Merw s\u00e4herini\u00f1 galyndysy Erk gala hasaplan\u00fdardy, onu\u00f1 wagty 2,5 m\u00fc\u00f1 \u00fdyla barabar. Emma Margus \u00f6wrenilenden so\u00f1, onu\u00f1 wagtyny\u00f1 Erk galadan has irkidigi kesgitlenildi. Margusdan \u00f6n bu \u00fderler pars kitaplaryndaky \u00fdazgylara g\u00f6r\u00e4 Mauri – \u00abbol\u00e7ulyk \u00fder\u00bb di\u00fdip atlandyrylan, o\u00f1a \u00fderli ilat bolsa kuwwatly, keramatly, hak \u00fder di\u00fden many beripdir, bu \u00fder bol suwly, hasylly bolupdyr. Margusy\u00f1 ady bizi\u00f1 e\u00fd\u00fdamymyzdan \u00f6\u00f1 IV asyrda grek serkerdebasysy Aleksandr Makedonskini\u00f1 (Iskender Zulkarna\u00fdy\u00f1) gosunyny\u00f1 Merwi basyp alyp, onu\u00f1 ozalky adyny grek\u00e7elesdirip, Margiana \u00fda-da Margiana Aleksandri\u00fdasy di\u00fdip atlandyrylypdyr. Emma Aleksandr Makedonskini\u00f1 \u00f6zi bu t\u00f6werekde bolmandyr.
Murgaby\u00f1 akymyny\u00f1 ugruna ilkinji g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcp gelenler oturymly ekeran\u00e7ylar bolupdyrlar. Margusdan tapylan k\u00fc\u00fdze tapyndylarda saklanyp galan \u00f6n\u00fcm \u00fdokundylary, olardaky sekiller bu \u00fderde ekeran\u00e7ylygy\u00f1 we \u00e7arwa\u00e7ylygy\u00f1 bolandygy hakynda maglumat ber\u00fd\u00e4r. G\u00f6\u00f1urdepe ybadathanalarynda tapyban howuzlary\u00f1 we be\u00fdleki suw desgalaryny\u00f1 bolmagy, bu \u00fderde suw ge\u00e7irijileri\u00f1 gurlup, s\u00e4herden sor, \u00fdagys suwlaryny\u00f1 \u00e7ykarylandygyna, howuzlarda k\u00f6p mukdarda suw saklanandygyna sa\u00fdatlyk ed\u00fd\u00e4r.
Gazyp-agtarys isleri netijesinde Margianada b\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00e7 zamanasynda g\u00fcll\u00e4p \u00f6sen \u00fdurdu\u00f1 sungatyny\u00f1 we senet\u00e7iligini\u00f1 \u00f6sendigine subutnamalar k\u00f6p tapyldy. Bu \u00fderde demri eretmegi hemde sozmagy basarypdyrlar, misden, b\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00e7den, altyndan we k\u00fcm\u00fcsden s\u00fcnn\u00e4lenen m\u00f6h\u00fcrleri, kosmetiki abzallary, sa\u00fd-sepleri, dini \u00f6wseleleri \u00fdasapdyrlar. S\u00fc\u00f1ki we dasy ussatlyk bilen \u00fdonupdyrlar, k\u00fc\u00fdze\u00e7\u00e4rliligi k\u00e4mil ele alypdyrlar.
Margus \u00fdurduny\u00f1 \u00e4hli oturymly \u00fderlerinde k\u00fc\u00fdzeg\u00e4r ta\u00f1syt\u00e7ylary\u00f1 k\u00fcrelerini\u00f1 galyndylary tapyldy. K\u00fcreleri\u00f1 gurlusy: \u00fderde g\u00f6nibur\u00e7ly \u00fda-da uzyn \u00e7ukur gazylyp, onu\u00f1 i\u00e7i \u00e7ig kerpi\u00e7 bilen \u00f6z\u00fclen. K\u00fcr\u00e4ni\u00f1 desikleri bolup, olardan odun salypdyrlar, onu\u00f1 \u00fderliginde k\u00fcrekler bolupdyr, olary\u00f1 \u00fcst\u00fcne bisiriljek \u00f6n\u00fcmler go\u00fdlupdyr. Gap-ga\u00e7lar ta\u00fd\u00fdarlananda ot bilen g\u00f6ni galtasma\u00fdar, netijede olar ja\u00fdrylma\u00fdar we gurumlama\u00fdar. Ge\u00f1 \u00fderi, K\u00fc\u00fdzeg\u00e4rlik senedini\u00f1 gadymy ussatlary gap-ga\u00e7lary tutawa\u00e7ly \u00fdasamandyrlar, k\u00fc\u00fdzeler nagyslar bilen hem az bezelipdir. K\u00fc\u00fdzeg\u00e4rler \u00e4hli \u00fcnsini \u00e7ylsyrymly g\u00f6rn\u00fcsleri o\u00fdlap tapmaga si\u00f1diripdirler. K\u00fc\u00fdzelerde sahsy m\u00f6h\u00fcrler \u00e7ekilipdir, awlaglary, na\u00fdzany, pe\u00fdkamly \u00fda\u00fdy g\u00f6de\u00f1si sekillendiripdirler. G\u00fcldanda sekiz s\u00f6hleli \u00fdyldyzjyklary\u00f1 dokuzysy \u00e7yzylypdyr.
Demir\u00e7iler na\u00fdzalar, d\u00fcrli paltalary, altyn sa\u00fd-sepleri \u00fdasapdyrlar. Bir mazardan aradan \u00e7ykany\u00f1 bo\u00fdnundan asylan altyn monjuk tapyldy, sondan \u00fdylany\u00f1 kinniwanja kellesi sallanyp dur, ol \u00f6r\u00e4n nepislik bilen \u00fdasalypdyr.
Go\u00f1urdepede tapylan tapyndylar bu \u00fderde zerg\u00e4r\u00e7iligi\u00f1 has \u00f6sendigini g\u00f6rkez\u00fdar. D\u00fcrli adam we ha\u00fdwan sekilli he\u00fdkeljagazlar, sa\u00e7durtg\u00fc\u00e7ler, i\u00f1\u00f1ewa\u00e7lar tapyldy.
Margus \u00fdurdy daglardan \u00f6r\u00e4n alysda \u00fderlesse-de \u00fderli das \u00fdonujylar \u00e7ig mal \u00fdetmez\u00e7iligini \u00e7ekm\u00e4ndirler. Ak mermer kysymly d\u00fcrli \u00f6n\u00fcmler, alebastr, gyzyl hakyk, agat, g\u00f6k lazurit we mawy p\u00f6wrize \u00fdaly daslar pe\u00fddalanylypdyr. Bu daslar alyslardan getirilipdir.
Margusda a\u00f1-bilim bolandygyny arheolog-alymlar subut etdiler. Bu \u00fderde ula\u00fdtada binag\u00e4r\u00e7iligi\u00f1 bolmagyny\u00f1 \u00f6zi hem belli bir ugurlar bo\u00fdun\u00e7a d\u00fcsunjeleri\u00f1 bolandygyny a\u00f1lad\u00fdar. Hat-\u00fdazuwy\u00f1 \u00fd\u00fcze \u00e7ykmagyna zerurlyk bolupdyr. Go\u00f1urdaky i\u00e7ki gala baryl\u00fdan bas derwez\u00e4ni\u00f1 \u00f6\u00f1\u00fcnde 20-den gowrak tokin tapyldy, olar go\u00f1urlary\u00f1 \u00f6zlerine degisli. Hat-\u00fdazuwy\u00f1 o\u00fdlanyp tapylmagyna getir\u00e4\u00fdjek zat bolupdyr, emma ol bizi\u00f1 e\u00fd\u00fdamymyzdan \u00f6\u00f1 1 m\u00fc\u00f1\u00fdyllykda assiri\u00fda \u00fd\u00f6risi d\u00f6wri assiri\u00fda hat-\u00fdazuwyny\u00f1 t\u00e4siri bilen b\u00f6kdelipdir. So\u00f1ra sol asyry\u00f1 ortalarynda Margiana Ahemenidler d\u00f6wletini\u00f1 d\u00fcz\u00fcmine gosulan mahaly gadymy pars pahna \u00fdazuwy bilen ol \u00e7alsyrylypdyr. Sungat we binag\u00e4r\u00e7ilik \u00fdadyg\u00e4rlikleri bu \u00fderde ylym-medeni\u00fdeti\u00f1 bolandyryny\u00f1 sa\u00fdadydyr. Margu\u015fa ba\u015fga\u00e7a-gu\u015flary\u0148 hem \u00e7emenliklerin \u00fdurdy di\u00fdil\u00fd\u00e4r.<\/p>

Go\u0148urdepe
Go\u0148urdepe gadymy Margu\u015fy\u0148 pa\u00fdtagty. Ol grek we rim \u00fdyl \u00fdazgylarynda Margiana di\u00fdlip atlandyryl\u00fdar. Merkezi Azi\u00fdany\u0148 iri \u015f\u00e4heri b\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00e7 e\u00fd\u00fdamynda (bizi\u0148 e\u00fd\u00fdamymyzdan \u00f6\u0148 III asyry\u0148 ahyryndan II m\u00fc\u0148\u00fdyllygy\u0148 ortalaryna \u00e7enli) h\u00f6k\u00fcm s\u00fcr\u00fcpdir. Munu\u0148 \u00f6zi t\u00fcrkmen halkyny\u0148 \u00f6r\u00e4n \u00e7u\u0148\u0148ur k\u00f6klerini\u0148 a\u00fddy\u0148 ny\u015fanydyr. Gadymy pederlerimizi\u0148 be\u00fdik medeni\u00fdeti d\u00f6redendigini d\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4 \u00fdurtlaryny\u0148 alymlary tassykla\u00fdarlar. Merkezi Go\u0148urdepe bolan Margu\u015f \u00fdurdy Gadymy M\u00fcs\u00fcr, Hindistan, Hyta\u00fd we Mesopotami\u00fda bilen bilelikde d\u00fcn\u00fd\u00e4 medeni\u00fdetini\u0148 ilkinji b\u00e4\u015f ojaklaryny\u0148 biri hasaplanyl\u00fdar. Bu \u00fderde s\u00f6wda we medeni babatda halkara gatna\u015fyklary \u00f6sd\u00fcrilipdir.<\/p>

Gadymy d\u00f6w\u00fcrde, grek awtorlary \u00f6\u0148ki ady Margiana di\u00fdip \u00fc\u00fdtgedipdiler. XX asyry\u0148 ikinji \u00fdarymynda, Hyta\u00fdy\u0148 demirgazygyndaky Owganystan we G\u00fcnorta T\u00fcrkmenistan teritor\u00fdalarynda ge\u00e7irilen arheologiki a\u00e7y\u015flar, Margiana bilen Baktri\u00fdany\u0148 arasyndaky \u00fdakyn gatna\u015fyklaryny\u0148 takyk subutnamasyny berdi. Margiana d\u00f6wleti 3000 ined\u00f6rd\u00fcl km-den k\u00f6p me\u00fddany e\u00fdel\u00e4pdi we 78 oazisi we 150-den gowrak ykjam \u00fda\u015fa\u00fdy\u015f \u00fderinden ybaratdy.<\/p>

Amerikan gazetasy “Boston Globe” \u00fdazdy: “Ilkinji d\u00f6rt i\u0148 gadymy sivilizasi\u00fda merkezi, \u00fdagny Mesopotami\u00fda, M\u00fcs\u00fcr, Hindistan we Hyta\u00fd baradaky maglumatlary bil\u00fd\u00e4rdik, emma Margiana ekspedisi\u00fdasyny\u0148 aja\u00fdyp netijeleri seb\u00e4pli indi be\u00fdleki, b\u00e4\u015finji merkezini\u0148 bardygyny pikir etmek m\u00fcmkin. 1972-nji \u00fdylda, G\u00fcndogar Gara-Kum \u00e7\u00f6l\u00fcnde arheologlar mon\u00fdumental galalar we tempallary tapdylar we bu gurlu\u015flar Assiri\u00fda we Babilon binalary bilen de\u0148e\u015fdirilende, ululyk ta\u00fddan b\u00e4sle\u015f\u00fd\u00e4rdi.”<\/p>

Onu\u0148 ululygy we bu \u00fderde \u00fd\u00fcze \u00e7ykarylan mon\u00fdumental gurlu\u015flar seb\u00e4pli alymlar, Gonur-depe<\/strong> (h\u00e4zirki T\u00fcrkmenistan) Bronza e\u00fd\u00fdamyny\u0148 Margiana d\u00f6wletini\u0148 pa\u00fdtagty bolandygyny pikir ed\u00fd\u00e4rler. Gonur-depe, g\u00fc\u00fd\u00e7li gorany\u015f diwarlary, \u00fdarymkrugly bastionlary, gipsli gurlu\u015flary we Zoroastrizmden \u00f6\u0148ki d\u00e4p-dessurlara degi\u015fli k\u00f6ne kult gurlu\u015flary bolan dikd\u00f6rtgen galady. Arheologiki \u00fder, Mary \u015f\u00e4herini\u0148 100 km demirgazyk tarapynda we Gadymy Merwi\u0148 60 km g\u00fcnorta-g\u00fcnbatar tarapynda \u00fderle\u015f\u00fd\u00e4r we ol \u00fderde gezelen\u00e7 etmek Mary \u00fda-da Merwden bir g\u00fcnl\u00fck sy\u00fdahat arkaly amala a\u015fyrylyp bilner.<\/p><\/div>

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Margu\u015f – Margiana 1991-nji \u00fdyldan 2001-nji \u00fdyl aralagynda Sarianidini\u00f1 ylmy \u00fdolbas\u00e7ylygyndaky t\u00fcrkmen k\u00e4rdesleri bilen bilelikde Wenesi\u00fdada \u00fderlesen Legabu\u00fde ylmy-barlag merkezinden bolan Ital\u00fdan h\u00fcn\u00e4rmentleri hem professor Gabriel Rossi-Osmidany\u00f1 \u00fdolbas\u00e7ylygynda Margianadaky \u00fdadyg\u00e4rliklerde gazuw-agtarys islerini ge\u00e7irdiler.Mary wela\u00fdatynda ge\u00e7irilen arheologiki isleri\u00f1 netijesinde gadymy Merw s\u00e4herini\u00f1…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25058,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[108,105],"tags":[110,109],"class_list":["post-25305","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dunya-mirasy","category-105","tag-dunya-mirasy","tag-isjenlik"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/co-travels.com\/tk-tm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25305","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/co-travels.com\/tk-tm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/co-travels.com\/tk-tm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/co-travels.com\/tk-tm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/co-travels.com\/tk-tm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25305"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/co-travels.com\/tk-tm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25305\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28415,"href":"https:\/\/co-travels.com\/tk-tm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25305\/revisions\/28415"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/co-travels.com\/tk-tm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25058"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/co-travels.com\/tk-tm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25305"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/co-travels.com\/tk-tm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25305"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/co-travels.com\/tk-tm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25305"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}